YT1000 · 青年佛学课程

佛教导论

青年佛学课程的12周佛教入门：认识佛陀生平、三皈依、五戒、四圣谛、八正道、佛教传播、十波罗蜜与业，并联系日常生活。

课程大纲与学习辅助。每周练习不计分；上课安排、选读材料及计分任务由教师确认，具体课程要求见下方。

学习计划

1. 佛教导论
佛教以佛陀的觉悟及其离苦之道为核心。佛陀意为觉醒者；法是佛陀所证悟及教导的真理；僧是修学的弟子群体，出家僧团在传承与教导佛法中有重要地位。佛教修行包括布施、持戒、禅修与智慧，以解脱、涅槃为目标，不只是求好运或暂时放松。本课程先认识佛陀与三皈依，再学习五戒、四圣谛、八正道、佛教传播及日常实践。练习与讨论（不计分）说出三宝，并举一种佛教实践。
2. 佛陀生平
悉达多·乔达摩，即释迦牟尼佛，诞生于蓝毗尼，在释迦族中成长。传统传记讲述他早年生活优裕，见到老、病、死及修行者后思考生命问题。他出家求道、向老师学习并修苦行，后来认识到折磨身体不能带来觉悟。他在菩提伽耶成道，在鹿野苑宣说中道与四圣谛，随后教导在家和出家弟子，最后在拘尸那罗般涅槃。学习重点是从探索、放下极端，走向智慧及慈悲教化。传统叙事细节与现代历史断代应加以区分。练习与讨论（不计分）排列诞生、出家、成道、初转法轮和般涅槃，并说明成道的意义。
3. 三皈依
三皈依是皈依佛、法、僧，即以觉悟的导师、导向解脱的教法，以及实践和传承正道的僧众作为修学依止。上座部对圣僧的说明指已证悟不同圣果的弟子；出家僧团则指受戒的出家群体，须依语境理解。皈依文表达对三宝的依止。诵念与礼拜能表达恭敬和承诺，也应落实为学习、修行与亲近善知识。例如，以佛陀为榜样、将佛法用于生活，并尊重僧团、护持善行。练习与讨论（不计分）为每一皈依说明一种实践方式。
4. 常见误解
“佛教认为一切都很悲惨。”佛教认识苦，包括痛苦、变化与执取的不安，也教导灭苦及修行之道，并不否认善意和快乐。 “业就是固定命运。”有意的行为很重要，当下仍可培养善的选择。“遭遇不幸都是活该。”这种结论不成立；SN 36.21否定一切感受只由过去的业造成。“拜佛像就能代替持戒。”佛像可提醒修行者忆念佛德，恭敬也应体现在行为中。“佛教不允许提问。”谨慎思考并观察行为是否有害，是学习的一部分。练习与讨论（不计分）选择上述两个误解，说明如何纠正。
5. 学习与反省
复习第1至4周：佛教的目标、佛陀生平要点、三皈依的意义及常见误解。先用自己的话说明，再核对笔记。联系各主题：佛陀放下极端苦行与中道有何关系？皈依如何影响日常选择？将不明白之处带到课堂。这是学习与反思周，不是额外研究作业。练习与讨论（不计分）不看笔记说明三皈依及佛陀生平要点，再核对答案。
6. 五戒
五戒是学习不杀生、不偷盗、不邪淫、不妄语及不饮用导致放逸的酒类等麻醉品。积极意义是爱护生命、诚实布施、负责任的关系、真实沟通和保持清明。生活例子包括善待动物、归还借物、尊重同意与承诺、不传播谎言，以及避免醉乱影响判断。行动前、过程中及之后，都可反省动机和伤害。若有违犯，应承认行为、尽可能弥补并重新努力持戒。练习与讨论（不计分）为每戒举一个日常情境，并提出善的选择。
7. 四圣谛与八正道
四圣谛是苦、集、灭、道：认识苦，认识渴爱是苦的根源，渴爱的止息，以及通往止息的道路。苦既包括明显的痛苦，也包括对无常经验执取却无法获得永久安稳。相应任务是知苦、断集、证灭、修道。八正道包括正见、正思惟、正语、正业、正命、正精进、正念、正定，各支相互支持。通常分为慧学（正见、正思惟）、戒学（正语、正业、正命）和定学（正精进、正念、正定）。诚实说话与觉察怒气可作为日常起点，完整目标则是解脱。练习与讨论（不计分）列出四圣谛与八正道，说明正语如何改变一次争执。
8. 佛教传播
佛教起源于南亚，通过老师、僧尼、在家护持者、商人和译经者的网络传播。陆上丝路经中亚通往中国；海路连接南亚、斯里兰卡与东南亚。佛教也由中国传入朝鲜半岛和日本，喜马拉雅地区的路线对西藏十分重要。这是许多群体长期参与的过程，并非一次旅程。翻译、寺院、艺术与当地护持帮助佛法扎根。上座部、大乘与金刚乘在部分重叠的地区发展。马来西亚的早期印度教—佛教遗产及后来的佛教社群，也是这段广泛历史的一部分。重点是传播路线和方式，不是背诵无依据的年代。练习与讨论（不计分）画出大致陆海传播路线，说明老师、贸易和翻译的作用。
9. 当代议题
将已学佛法用于青年生活：面对网络谣言，转发前考虑真实和有益的言语；面对霸凌或歧视，以不害和慈心支持受影响的人；面对消费压力和环境浪费，观察贪求、节制与选择的后果；在学习与工作中，思考诚实、责任与正命。讨论事实、动机、受影响的人及可能后果，指出相关教义并提出可行回应。这些是佛教原则的当代应用，不是说古代经典谈过社交平台，或已为所有现代政策提供唯一答案。练习与讨论（不计分）讨论群聊谣言：应核实什么、如何说、避免什么？联系一项教义。
10. 波罗蜜与业
上座部十波罗蜜是布施、持戒、出离、智慧、精进、忍辱、真实、决意、慈与舍。这些品质可通过分享自己的物品、守承诺、放下不善执著、明智思考及持续善行来培养。业是身、口、意的有意行为，异熟指其果报。AN 6.63强调意图的作用；当下可以培养善的动机与习惯。业不是神的惩罚，也不是责怪受苦者的理由；并非一切经验都只由过去业造成。尝试将一种波罗蜜与有意选择联系，例如犯错后诚实承认。练习与讨论（不计分）列出十波罗蜜，说明一种善行的动机及业为何不是宿命。
11. 展示与期末评估
就教师批准的主题进行报告。课程指南举例：如果佛陀生活在今天、佛法用于日常生活、大学中的佛教、学院中的佛教、职场中的佛教，或佛教的传播。说明相关教义、举出清楚例子并注明所用资料。假设题应作为自己的合理应用，不应冒称佛陀原话。报告属于活动部分（20%）；期末评估是另一部分（30%），涵盖YT1000已教内容，除另有通知外通常开卷。格式、时间与提交方式依教师确认的安排；本页不另设学习档案、字数或产品设计项目。练习与讨论（不计分）向教师确认报告主题，并复习已教内容以准备期末评估。
12. 评估讨论
与教师检讨期末评估，依据课程与阅读澄清错误。区分记住名词与理解意义：例如列出三皈依、用生活例子解释一戒，并说明四圣谛与八正道的关系。反思一项加深的理解、一个尚存的问题，以及一种可持续的实际修行。本周用于巩固学习和回应反馈，不增加新的计分作业，也不改变原有评分比例。练习与讨论（不计分）写下一项订正、一个问题及一种愿意持续的修行。

评估与学习指南

时长: 12 周报名要求无学术先修要求。评估测验20%、活动20%、出席30%、期末评估30%。测验及期末评估通常开卷，另有通知除外。活动20%：批准主题的报告。出席须至少17/30分，约12次中的7次；满出席才获满分，分类依学院政策。协调员及教师：Lee Lin Jun (Rain)。rainleelinjun@ti-ratana.org

来源阅读

原课程指南（英语）

MT001 / YT1000: INTRODUCTION TO BUDDHISM Overview This course introduces students to the fundamentals of Buddhism and Buddhist studies. Students examine the Buddha's life and teachings together with important Buddhist ethical, philosophical and practical concepts. MT001 and YT1000 share the same overall learning objectives but are delivered through different programme formats. Course Information MT001 – Sunday Dhamma School Duration: 24 weeks Value: 2 credit points Format: Full-year programme YT1000 – Youth Dhamma Programme Duration: 12 weeks Value: 2 credit points Format: Accelerated programme Successful completion leads to the Certificate: Introduction to Buddhism. Enrolment Requirements There are no academic prerequisites for this course. Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this course, students should be able to: Demonstrate an understanding of the fundamentals of Buddhism. Explain important Buddhist teachings and practices. Apply basic Buddhist principles to situations encountered in everyday life. Use critical-thinking skills when considering contemporary issues from a Buddhist perspective. Indicative MT001 Syllabus Part I — Foundations of Buddhism Week 1: Introduction and Buddhism in a Nutshell Week 2: The Life of the Buddha — Part I Week 3: The Life of the Buddha — Part II Week 4: Frequent Misconceptions about Buddhism Week 5: The Three Refuges Week 6: The Five Precepts Week 7: Special Lesson on Wesak and Buddhist Practice Week 8: Wesak Activities and Performance Preparation Week 9: Buddhism and Mindfulness Week 10: Introduction to Meditation Week 11: Field Trip / Visit to another Buddhist temple or Ti-Ratana centre, subject to arrangements Week 12: Revision and Reflection A study break and assessment period may follow the first part of the programme. Part II — Buddhism in Practice and Society Week 13: The Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path Week 14: Buddhism and Contemporary Issues Week 15: The Ten Perfections Week 16: Kamma — The Law of Cause and Effect Week 17: The Spread of Buddhism Week 18: Buddhism in the Modern World Week 19: Dhamma Talk and Discussion Session I Week 20: History of Buddhism in Malaysia Week 21: Special Lesson on Kathina and Buddhist Community Practice Week 22: Dhamma Talk and Discussion Session II Week 23: Field Trip / Buddhist Community Learning Activity Week 24: Revision and Course Reflection Final assessment arrangements are announced by the Institute. Indicative YT1000 Accelerated Syllabus Week 1: Introduction and Buddhism in a Nutshell Week 2: The Life of the Buddha Week 3: The Three Refuges Week 4: Frequent Misconceptions about Buddhism Week 5: Study and Reflection Week Week 6: The Five Precepts Week 7: The Four Noble Truths and Noble Eightfold Path Week 8: The Spread of Buddhism Week 9: Buddhism and Contemporary Issues Week 10: The Ten Perfections and Kamma Week 11: Presentation and Final Assessment Week 12: Final Assessment Discussion and Course Reflection The accelerated programme incorporates the study and assessment period within its 12-week structure. Assessment Total: 100% Quizzes — 20% Topics may include: The Life of the Buddha — 5% Fundamentals of Buddhism — 5% Spread of Buddhism — 5% Buddhism and Contemporary Issues — 5% Quizzes may be completed online or on-site using a digital device with an internet connection. Unless otherwise announced, quizzes are open-book. For MT001, two quizzes may be conducted for each topic area. For YT1000, one quiz may be conducted for each topic area. Activities — 20% MT001 Buddhist arts and craft — 5% Field-trip reflection or observation notes — 5% Wesak participation — 10% YT1000 Students complete a presentation based on an approved topic. Possible topics include: What if the Buddha were alive today? Buddhism Applied in Daily Life Buddhism at University Buddhism at College Buddhism in the Workplace The Spread of Buddhism Value: 20% Attendance — 30% Full attendance is required to receive full attendance marks. Students must obtain at least 17 out of 30 attendance marks to satisfy the attendance component. As a general guide, this corresponds to attendance at approximately: 14 of 24 sessions for MT001 7 of 12 sessions for YT1000 Late, excused and other attendance classifications may receive reduced attendance marks in accordance with Institute policy. Final Assessment — 30% The final assessment covers the topics taught in the student's relevant programme. Method: Online or on-site using a digital device with internet access. Unless otherwise announced, the assessment is open-book. Indicative Weekly Workload Approximately: 45 minutes of teaching 10 minutes of hymns and/or activities 5 minutes of Puja Additional time may be required for quizzes, presentations, field-trip activities and assessments. Course Contacts Course Coordinator: Lee Lin Jun (Rain) Teacher: Lee Lin Jun (Rain) Email: rainleelinjun@ti-ratana.org