KR001 · 佛学证书课程

释迦牟尼佛的过去世

学习本生故事、乔达摩菩萨道、十波罗蜜、伦理意义、创意改述及当代生活应用。

课程大纲与学习辅助。每周练习不计分；上课安排、选读材料及计分任务由教师确认，具体课程要求见下方。

学习计划

1. 本生故事导论
本生是出生或过去生故事，在佛教传统中叙述未来佛即菩萨的过去生和美德培养。轮回与业构成宗教语境，故事传达伦理和修行意义，不是某一过去生的现代实证纪录。本生文学讲述菩萨过去世，应区分经典偈颂、散文故事及注释。第12鹿王本生讨论超越己群的保护，第316兔本生以兔子的故事讨论布施。动物角色可帮助观察人的选择，但戏剧性牺牲不是让学员伤害自己的指令。应问谁受益、谁付出代价，以及现代运用是否保留慈悲。练习与讨论（不计分）比较本生12与316的主角、问题、决定、后果及德行，提出安全的现代例子并说明比喻限度。
2. 十波罗蜜
上座部十波罗蜜是布施、持戒、出离、智慧、精进、忍辱、真实、决意、慈和舍。本周先认识完整列表，再重点学习布施与持戒；其余品质将在后续各周展开。布施是以善意分享资源、时间或帮助；持戒是约束身口行为以减少伤害。两者互相支持：礼物昂贵并不等于善，不应未经同意布施他人物品。阅读本生故事时，观察动机及对各人的影响。练习与讨论（不计分）在教师选择的本生故事中找出相关品质，并说明日常应用。
3. 出离与智慧
出离是放下执著，为修行留出空间；它包含出家理想，在家者也可练习节制并放下不善习惯。智慧是理解行为、条件与修行之道，不只是累积知识。两者帮助判断所求是否有益于安乐和解脱。练习与讨论（不计分）在教师选择的本生故事中找出相关品质，并说明日常应用。
4. 精进与忍辱
精进是投入善行的努力：开始、坚持，并在挫折后重新努力。忍辱是面对困难而不由瞋恨主导反应。精进不是盲目过劳，忍辱也不妨碍求助或保护受害者。例如，坚持有益任务，同时冷静回应批评。练习与讨论（不计分）在教师选择的本生故事中找出相关品质，并说明日常应用。
5. 圆满波罗蜜
真实是言行诚实；决意是保持善的志愿。诚实修行包括承认错误，坚定也包括纠正方向，而非固执护错。选择合理承诺，如有失败如实说明，并重新努力。慈是愿自己与他人安乐，不以回报作为善意条件；舍是环境变化时保持平稳和公正，并非冷漠。两者支持关怀而不夹杂敌意、占有欲，或过度受赞誉和责备左右。练习与讨论（不计分）说出这四种波罗蜜，并各举一个不同例子。
6. 比较研究
将一则本生故事与其他文化或宗教的故事比较。先认识各自语境、人物、问题、选择、结果和教训。布施或勇敢等相似美德，不代表轮回、解脱或菩萨道的教义相同。尊重地指出共同点与差异。练习与讨论（不计分）以两栏比较教师选择的故事。
7. 本生故事选读一
选读例子：尼拘律鹿本生（第12则）。菩萨作为鹿王，在另一只鹿面临死亡时挺身相助。观察关怀如何超越自身利益和所属群体；区分叙事与道德意义，并说明当代慈悲领导的例子。练习与讨论（不计分）复述选择与结果，指出所体现美德；具体选读故事由教师确认。
8. 本生故事选读二
选读例子：兔本生（第316则）。动物伙伴准备向来访者布施，故事以兔子的布施志愿为重点。思考布施理想、动机与助人之心。象征性的非凡牺牲并非课堂要求自伤；讨论今天如何安全分享食物、时间及帮助。练习与讨论（不计分）与第7周例子比较共同点及差异；教师可另选合适故事。
9. 菩萨道
菩萨（巴利语Bodhisatta，梵语bodhisattva）指向往觉悟的有情。本课程本生语境中，指乔达摩佛最终成道前，在传统所述多生中修习波罗蜜。将故事联系布施、戒、慧等品质；这与后期大乘中的观世音专题有别，后者可在MD002依其语境学习。练习与讨论（不计分）说明一则本生故事如何体现菩萨道的培养。
10. 道德与伦理
从伦理角度阅读本生：出现什么问题、人物有什么动机、有哪些选择、谁受到影响？指出相关波罗蜜，并思考当代负责任的应用。现代应用应说明类比，而非将传统故事每个行为当作适用于一切情境的字面规则。练习与讨论（不计分）以一则本生和一种波罗蜜讨论社区伦理问题。
11. 艺术文学中的本生故事
本生故事通过文本、绘画、浮雕和表演传播。同一画面可能包含多个情节，应先确认故事与顺序。将教师选择的图像或改编与文字版本比较：加入、删去或改动了什么，如何表达美德？注明艺术家和版本。练习与讨论（不计分）识别本生图像中的情节，并说明画面如何叙事。
12. 反省与整合
复习本生故事、十波罗蜜与菩萨道。以自己的话说明要点，与教师纠正误解；将一项教义联系生活，提出继续学习的问题。依公布的课程要求准备评估。练习与讨论（不计分）写下一项理解、一项订正和一种实际应用。

评估与学习指南

时长: 12 周报名要求须注册TRIBS。佛学证书学员通常应先完成MT001或YT1000。评估测验20%、活动20%、出席30%、期末评估30%。测验及期末评估通常开卷，另有通知除外。活动20%：本生创意改述或插画10%、波罗蜜应用小组讨论与报告10%。最低出席：12次中的至少6次。协调员及教师：Lee Lin Jun (Rain)。rainleelinjun@ti-ratana.org

来源阅读

原课程指南（英语）

KR001: THE COUNTLESS PAST LIVES OF GAUTAMA BUDDHA Overview This course explores the Jataka Tales, stories concerning the Buddha's previous lives and the gradual development of virtues associated with the Bodhisatta path. Particular attention is given to the Ten Paramis or Perfections and to the ethical lessons communicated through the Jataka tradition. Students are encouraged not only to learn the stories but also to examine how their teachings can be understood and applied in contemporary life. Offerings Duration: 12 weeks The course may be offered in physical or hybrid formats according to the arrangements for the relevant intake. Enrolment Requirements Students must be registered with the Ti-Ratana Institute of Buddhist Studies. Where KR001 is undertaken as part of the Certificate of Buddhist Studies, students should normally have completed MT001 or YT1000. Learning Outcomes On successful completion of this course, students should be able to: Recount selected Jataka Tales and explain their principal teachings. Understand and explain the Ten Paramis and their significance to the Bodhisatta path. Identify ethical and moral themes within the Jataka Tales. Reflect on how lessons from the Jataka Tales and Paramis may be applied in personal and community life. Indicative Syllabus Week 1: Introduction to the Jataka Tales What the Jataka Tales are Their place within Buddhist traditions Rebirth and kamma in the Jataka stories Week 2: The Ten Paramis Introduction to the Ten Perfections Dana — Generosity Sila — Morality Week 3: Renunciation and Wisdom Nekkhamma — Renunciation Panna — Wisdom Examples from selected Jataka Tales Week 4: Effort and Patience Viriya — Effort Khanti — Patience Their relevance to spiritual development Week 5: Completing the Ten Paramis Sacca — Truthfulness Adhitthana — Determination Metta — Loving-kindness Upekkha — Equanimity Week 6: Comparative Study Paramis and ethical virtues in other cultural or religious traditions Comparative discussion of selected stories and folklore Buddhist festival or community activity preparation where applicable Week 7: Key Jataka Tales I Selected stories illustrating the Paramis Interpretation and discussion Week 8: Key Jataka Tales II Further selected stories Ethical and practical themes A mid-semester break may be scheduled between Weeks 8 and 9. Week 9: The Bodhisatta Path The development of a Bodhisatta Relationship between the Jataka Tales and the Paramis Week 10: Moral and Ethical Lessons Ethical themes in the Jataka tradition Relevance to contemporary situations Week 11: Jataka Tales in Art and Literature Buddhist art Literature Cultural transmission across Asia Week 12: Reflection and Integration Review of the Jataka Tales Review of the Ten Paramis Applying the teachings to modern challenges Assessment Within-semester assessment: 70% Final assessment: 30% Attendance — 30% Students must attend at least 6 of the 12 scheduled classes to satisfy the minimum attendance requirement. Quizzes — 20% Indicative topic areas: Jataka Tales — 5% Ten Paramis — 5% The Bodhisatta Path — 5% Moral and Ethical Lessons from the Jataka Tales — 5% Quizzes are normally completed online or on-site using a digital device with internet access and are open-book unless otherwise announced. Activities — 20% Creative retelling or illustration of a Jataka Tale — 10% Group discussion and presentation on applying a Parami to contemporary life — 10% Activities may be completed through physical or hybrid learning. Final Assessment — 30% All major topics covered in the course may be assessed. The final assessment is normally conducted digitally on-site and is open-book unless otherwise announced. Indicative Weekly Workload Pre-Class Students may be required to: Review learning materials Access the Institute's learning platform Check course announcements Complete assigned preparation In-Class Approximately: 45 minutes of teaching 25 minutes of discussion 20 minutes of activities, including Puja, meditation and hymns where applicable Post-Class Selected weeks may include: Quizzes Activities Reflection exercises Assessment preparation Course Contacts Course Coordinator: Lee Lin Jun (Rain) Teacher: Lee Lin Jun (Rain) Email: rainleelinjun@ti-ratana.org